World Journal of Environmental Research

Investigation of optical spot formation on photomatrix surfaces via continuous optical fiber radiation

Ali Mehtiyev, Mohammad G. Rasul — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The formation of optical spots on photomatrix surfaces under continuous radiation is a critical factor influencing the performance and reliability of photonic and fiber-optic sensing systems. Despite advancements in fiber-optic technologies, there remains a need for precise methods to analyze spot formation and its impact on sensor accuracy. This study addresses this gap by investigating the characteristics and formation mechanisms of optical spots generated at the output of a single-mode optical fiber under continuous radiation. An intelligent hardware and software system was employed to perform opto-digital analysis of optical spot parameters projected onto a high-resolution photomatrix. The experimental setup involved continuous optical radiation transmitted through a single-mode fiber, with mechanical perturbations inducing micro-deformations that altered the refractive index and modified the spot intensity distribution. Analysis focused on three regions: the fiber core, the core cladding boundary, and the cladding. Results indicate that the cladding region, exhibiting a low-intensity Gaussian distribution, provides the most informative data for monitoring optical losses. Transformation of optical spot images into negative representations enhanced detection sensitivity. These findings demonstrate that selective analysis of specific regions improves the accuracy and robustness of fiber-optic monitoring systems, supporting the development of intelligent sensors for structural health monitoring and other precision photonic applications.

Keywords: Fiber-optic sensors; intelligent systems; optical spot analysis; photonic monitoring; structural health.

Geo-environmental analysis of erosion factors in the Soummam watershed, North-East Algeria

Salhi Schahrazed , Yasmine Hamitouche — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Soil erosion remains insufficiently understood in terms of its spatial variability and the combined influence of environmental drivers, leaving a critical methodological gap for effective conservation planning. This study addresses this gap by integrating Geographic Information Systems, Remote Sensing, Canonical Correlation Analysis, and the Soil Water Assessment Tool to predict erosion patterns and assess key controlling factors within a large river basin. Multiple data sources, including rainfall, climate, hydrometric, land use, soil, digital elevation, and satellite records, were analyzed. The modeling process revealed considerable annual soil loss across the basin and highlighted limited zones with particularly severe erosion. Canonical Correlation Analysis showed that vegetation cover and topography were the most influential factors, with terrain effects associated with increased soil loss and vegetation cover associated with reduced soil loss. Additional modeling in a sub-basin indicated erosion consistent with documented reductions in reservoir capacity. The findings demonstrate that erosion is both significant and spatially heterogeneous, providing a basis for developing targeted soil conservation strategies. The implications of this study include improved predictive understanding of erosion risk and enhanced decision support for land and water managers seeking to mitigate environmental degradation.

Keywords: Canonical Correlation Analysis; erosion modeling; remote sensing; soil conservation; watershed management.

Modeling solar and hydrogen-based electricity generation in the Algerian Sahara with HOMER Pro

Lemya Bentoumi, Adel Miles — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Renewable energy sources offer a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, addressing the dual challenges of rising global energy demand and increasing pollutant emissions. Despite growing technological advances, there remains a need for reliable systems capable of providing stable electricity under extreme environmental conditions. This study addresses this gap by designing and modeling a hybrid energy system that integrates solar power with a hydrogen module to ensure consistent electricity production in harsh desert climates. The system was developed using advanced simulation software, incorporating photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, batteries, electrolysers, fuel cells, and inverters, allowing comprehensive technical and economic evaluation. The analysis identified an optimal configuration that maximizes efficiency while minimizing costs. Results indicate that the system can deliver substantial annual electricity generation predominantly from solar energy, demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of combining renewable sources with hydrogen storage. These findings highlight the potential of hybrid renewable-hydrogen systems to provide sustainable, reliable, and environmentally friendly energy solutions in regions with extreme climatic conditions. The study offers practical insights for the design and deployment of future energy infrastructures that prioritize both performance and sustainability.

Keywords: HOMER Pro; hydrogen energy; hybrid systems; renewable energy; solar power; sustainable electricity

Investigating the pressure distribution of an airfoil with a cylindrical body

Mohammad Hossein Ghadimi Gorakhk, Abdolamir Bak Khoshnevis — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The interaction between airfoils and cylindrical obstacles has attracted significant research due to its relevance for aerodynamic performance and flow control. However, the influence of surface roughness on pressure distribution remains insufficiently explored, representing a notable research gap. This study investigates the effect of cylinder roughness on the pressure distribution of an adjacent airfoil using an experimental airfoil-cylinder model. Roughness was introduced by wrapping sandpaper around a cylinder positioned at multiple distances from the airfoil. Experiments were conducted in a subsonic wind tunnel with a sizable test section, and measurements were taken at two different flow velocities. Pressure coefficient distributions on the upper and lower surfaces of the airfoil were analyzed and compared across all configurations. The results indicate that the presence of cylinder roughness reduces pressure coefficients, with effects diminishing as the cylinder is placed further from the airfoil. These findings demonstrate that both cylinder roughness and its proximity influence aerodynamic interactions, offering insights into flow control strategies and design optimization. The study provides a foundation for further investigations into the manipulation of surface features to enhance aerodynamic performance in engineering applications.

Keywords: Aerodynamic interaction; airfoil-cylinder model; flow control; pressure distribution; surface roughness

Narratives, dependencies, and financial drivers of European resistance to Russian fossil fuel phase-out

Ivan Hortal Sanchez, Iryna Ptashnyk — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Despite commitments to reduce dependence on external fossil fuels, significant imports persist, raising concerns over energy security, climate objectives, and geopolitical strategy. Existing analyses often overlook the complex networks through which external energy interests maintain influence over regional energy markets. This study addresses this gap by examining how foreign energy actors exert influence through ownership structures, financial flows, lobbying networks, and narrative shaping. A multi-method approach was employed, incorporating corporate and contractual documentation, financial tracking, and lobbying analysis. The findings reveal that former officials and organizations have facilitated favorable narratives, while energy companies have indirectly supported external revenues. These dynamics demonstrate how entrenched influence networks can undermine policy goals and perpetuate dependency. The study highlights the importance of targeted regulatory measures and enhanced cooperation with independent actors to mitigate undue influence. Recommendations include the expansion of sanctions against key external energy firms and strengthened collaboration with civil society and regional partners. By mapping these mechanisms, the research provides actionable insights for policymakers seeking to reinforce energy sovereignty and align energy practices with strategic and environmental objectives.

Keywords: Energy dependence; energy security; lobbying networks; policy influence; strategic governance

Mapping renewable energy publications: A bibliometric analysis using RSTUDIO bibliometrix

Yasemin Ozliman, Melih Soner Celiktas — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The rapid expansion of renewable energy research has generated a vast body of scientific literature, yet comprehensive analyses of publication trends and thematic emphases remain limited. This study addresses this gap by conducting a bibliometric analysis of renewable energy and related subfields, using publications retrieved from a major scientific database. A total of 2237 publications authored by 2787 researchers were examined using advanced bibliometric tools to identify influential journals, organizations, research themes, and collaborative networks. Publications were classified according to primary focus areas, revealing that studies on potential assessment and policy development dominate the field, followed by mathematical modeling and theoretical approaches, with experimental research and new material and design development being less represented. The findings highlight both the strengths and underexplored areas within renewable energy research, providing a detailed overview of thematic trends and knowledge gaps. This analysis offers valuable insights for researchers and policymakers by revealing areas requiring further investigation and collaboration. Overall, the study demonstrates the growing scholarly interest in renewable energy and underscores the need for multifaceted, interdisciplinary approaches to advance the field effectively.

Keywords: Bibliometric analysis; renewable energy; research trends; scientific publications; thematic mapping