Are value priorities related to dispositional optimism and resilience? A correlational study
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Jul 16, 2016
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2016-07-16
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2016-07-16 (1)
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Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between value priorities and two dispositional dimensions, optimism and resilience, in a sample of 307 healthy Sicilian adolescents (145 boys and 162 girls) aged from 14 to 18 years. We used the Portrait Values Questionnaire (Schwartz, 1992), the Resiliency Attitudes and Skills Profile (De Caroli & Sagone, 2014), and the Life Orientation Test-Revised (Scheier & Carver, 1992). Results indicate that the value priorities of self-enhancement and openness to change are positively related to optimism; self-transcendence is positively related to all dimensions of resilience; conservation is positively related to adaptability, control, and engagement; the value priorities of self-enhancement and openness to change are positively related to sense of humor, competence, and adaptability. Additionally, boys perceive themselves as more optimist, humoristic, competent, and adapted than girls, while girls are more engaged than boys; furthermore, boys judge as mainly important the values of self-enhancement and openness to change, while girls judge as mostly important the self-transcendence. Future researches will deep the relationships among these three constructs in young adults and the elderly.
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Keywords: resilience; value orientations; optimism; adolescence.
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Sagone, E., & Elvira De Caroli, M. (2016). Are value priorities related to dispositional optimism and resilience? A correlational study. Contemporary Educational Researches Journal, 6(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.18844/cerj.v6i1.481
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References
References
Archer, T., Adolfsson, B., & Karlsson, E. (2008). Affective personality as cognitive-emotional pre-symptom profiles regulatory for self-reported health predispositions. Neurotoxicity Research, 14, 21-44.
Archer, T., Adrianson, L., Plancak, A., & Karlsson, E. (2007). Influence of affective personality on cognition-mediated emotional processing: Need for empowerment. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21, 248-262.
Brissette, I., Scheier, M.F., & Caver, C.S. (2002). The role of optimism in social network development, coping, and psychological adjustment during a life transition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 102-111.
Capanna, C., Vecchione, M., & Schwartz, S. H. (2005). La misura dei valori. Un contributo alla validazione del Portrait Values Questionnaire su un campione italiano. Bollettino di Psicologia Applicata, 246, 29-41.
Carifio, J., & Rhodes, L. (2002). Construct validities and the empirical relationships between optimism, hope, self-efficacy, and locus of control. Work, 19, 125-136.
Carver, C.S., Scheier, M.F., & Segerstrom, S.C. (2010). Optimism. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 879-889.
De Caroli, M. E., & Sagone, E. (2011a). Maternità e paternità . Punti di vista a confronto sulla genitorialità . Acireale-Roma, Italy: Bonanno.
De Caroli, M. E., & Sagone, E. (2011b). Personality factors and values in adolescence. In J. M. Román Sanchez, M. A. Carbonero Martìn y J. D. Valdivieso Pastor (Eds.), Educación, aprendizaje y desarollo en una sociadad multicultural (pp.2449-2461). Calle Toledo, Madrid: Asociación de PsicologÃa y Educación.
De Caroli, M.E., & Sagone, E. (2014b). Resilient profile and creative personality in middle and late adolescents: A validation study of the Italian-RASP. American Journal of Applied Psychology, 2, 53-58.
Falanga, R., De Caroli, M.E., & Sagone, E. (2015). Are value priorities predictors of prejudice? A study with Italian adolescents. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 296-301.
Garcia, D. (2012). The affective temperaments: differences between adolescents in the big five model and Cloninger’s psychobiological model of personality, Journal of Happiness Studies, 6, 999–1017.
Grotberg, E.H. (1996). The International Resilience Project: Findings from the Research and the Effectiveness of Interventions. Psychology and Education in the 21st Century: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Convention of the International Council of Psychologists. Edmonton: IC Press, 1997.
Hurtes, K.P., & Allen, L.R. (2001). Measuring Resiliency in Youth: The Resiliency Attitudes and Skills Profile. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 35, 333-347.
Lucas, R. E., Diener, E., & Suh, E. (1996). Discriminant validity of well-being measures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 616–628.
Luthar, S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71, 543-562.
Maercker, A., Zhang, X.C., Gao, Z., Kochetkov, Y., Lu, S., Sang, Z., Yang, S., Schneider, S., & Margraf, J. (2015). Personal value orientations as mediated predictors of mental health: A three-culture study of Chinese, Russian, and German university students. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 15, 8-17.
Masten, A. (1994). Resilience in individual development: Successful adaptation despite risk and adversity. In M.C. Wang & E.W. Gordon (Eds.), Educational resilience in inner-city America: Challenges and prospects (pp. 3-25). Hillsdale, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Masten, A.S., Hubbard, J.J., Gest, S.D., Tellegen, A., Garmezy, N., & Ramirez, M. (1999). Competence in the context of adversity: pathways to resilience and maladaptation from childhood to late adolescence, Development and Psychopathology, 11, 143-169.
Masten, A.S., Best, K.M., & Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Development and Psychopathology, 2, 425-444.
Masten, A. S., Best, K. M., & Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Development and Psychopathology, 2, 425–444.
Monzani, D., Steca, P., & Greco, A. (2014). Brief report: Assessing dispositional optimism in adolescence. Factor structure and concurrent validity of the Life Orientation Test-Revised. Journal of Adolescence, 37, 97-101.
Norlander, T., Bood, S., & Archer, T. (2002). Performance during stress: affective personality, age, and regularity of physical exercise. Social Behavior and Personality: An international journal, 30, 495-508.
Nurttila, S., Ketonen, E., & Lonka, K. (2015). Sense of competence and optimism as resources to promote academic engagement. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 171, 1017-1026.
Ryff, C.D., & Singer, B. (2003), Flourishing under fire: Resilience as a prototype of challenged thriving. In C.L.M. Keyes & Haidt J. (Eds.), Flourishing: Positive psychology and the life well-lived (pp.15-36). Washington, DC: APA.
Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). Optimism, coping and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology, 4, 219-247.
Scheier, M.F., & Carver, C.S. (1987). Dispositional optimism and physical well-being: the influence of generalized expectancies on health. Journal of Personality, 55, 169-210.
Scheier, M.F., & Carver, C.S. (1992). Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, 201-228.
Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1063-1078.
Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston (Eds.). Measures in health psychology: A user’s portfolio. Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35-37). Windsor, UK: NFER-NELSON.
Sagone, E., & De Caroli, M.E. (2012). Portrait values, similarity in aspects of every day, self and group representations in refugees asylum seekers. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 5463-5469.
Sagone, E., & De Caroli, M.E. (2014). The “portrait†of values in family: A cross-age study in Sicilian context. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 127, 194-198.
Sagone, E., & De Caroli, M.E. (in press). Positive personality as a predictor of high resilience in adolescence.
Schwartz, S.H. (1992). Universal in the content and structure of values: Theory and empirical tests in 20 countries. In Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (vol. 25, pp. 1-65). New York, NY: Academic Press.
Schwartz, S. H., Melech, G., Lehmann, A., Burgess, S., & Harris, M. (2001). Extending the cross-cultural validity of the theory of basic human values with a different method of measurement. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32, 519-542.
Schwartz, S. H. (2003). Value and behavior: Strength and structure of relations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 1207-1220.
Schwartz, S.H., Cieciuch, J., Vecchione, M., Davidov, E., Fischer, R., Beierlein, C., Ramos, A., Verkasalo, M., LÓ§nnqvist, J.E., Demirutku K., Dirilen-Gumus, O., & Konty, M. (2012). Refining the Theory of Basic Individual Values. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103, 663-688.
Segerstrom, S.C., Evans, D.R., & Eisenlohr-Moul, T.A. (2011), Optimism and pessimism dimensions in the Life Orientation Test-Revised: Method and meaning. Journal of Research in Personality, 45, 126-129.
Seligman, M.E.P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5-14.
Sharpe, P.J., Martin, N.R., & Roth, K.A. (2011). Optimism and the Big Five factors of personality: Beyond neuroticism and extraversion. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 946-951.
Smith, C., & Carlson, B.E. (1997). Stress, coping, and resilience in children and youth, Social Service Review, 71, 231-256.
Snyder, C. (2002). Hope Theory: Rainbows in the Mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13, 249-275.
Stanley, N., Nguyen, K., Wilson, H., Stanley, L., Rank, A., & Wang, Y. (2015). Storytelling, values and perceived resilience among Chinese, Vietnamese, American and German prospective teachers. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 3, 520-529.
Wagnild, G.M., & Young, H.M. (1993). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Resilience Scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 1, 165-178.
Zolkoski, S.M., & Bullock, L.M. (2012). Resilience in children and youth: A review. Children and Youth Services Review, 34, 2295-2303.
Archer, T., Adolfsson, B., & Karlsson, E. (2008). Affective personality as cognitive-emotional pre-symptom profiles regulatory for self-reported health predispositions. Neurotoxicity Research, 14, 21-44.
Archer, T., Adrianson, L., Plancak, A., & Karlsson, E. (2007). Influence of affective personality on cognition-mediated emotional processing: Need for empowerment. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21, 248-262.
Brissette, I., Scheier, M.F., & Caver, C.S. (2002). The role of optimism in social network development, coping, and psychological adjustment during a life transition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 102-111.
Capanna, C., Vecchione, M., & Schwartz, S. H. (2005). La misura dei valori. Un contributo alla validazione del Portrait Values Questionnaire su un campione italiano. Bollettino di Psicologia Applicata, 246, 29-41.
Carifio, J., & Rhodes, L. (2002). Construct validities and the empirical relationships between optimism, hope, self-efficacy, and locus of control. Work, 19, 125-136.
Carver, C.S., Scheier, M.F., & Segerstrom, S.C. (2010). Optimism. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 879-889.
De Caroli, M. E., & Sagone, E. (2011a). Maternità e paternità . Punti di vista a confronto sulla genitorialità . Acireale-Roma, Italy: Bonanno.
De Caroli, M. E., & Sagone, E. (2011b). Personality factors and values in adolescence. In J. M. Román Sanchez, M. A. Carbonero Martìn y J. D. Valdivieso Pastor (Eds.), Educación, aprendizaje y desarollo en una sociadad multicultural (pp.2449-2461). Calle Toledo, Madrid: Asociación de PsicologÃa y Educación.
De Caroli, M.E., & Sagone, E. (2014b). Resilient profile and creative personality in middle and late adolescents: A validation study of the Italian-RASP. American Journal of Applied Psychology, 2, 53-58.
Falanga, R., De Caroli, M.E., & Sagone, E. (2015). Are value priorities predictors of prejudice? A study with Italian adolescents. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 296-301.
Garcia, D. (2012). The affective temperaments: differences between adolescents in the big five model and Cloninger’s psychobiological model of personality, Journal of Happiness Studies, 6, 999–1017.
Grotberg, E.H. (1996). The International Resilience Project: Findings from the Research and the Effectiveness of Interventions. Psychology and Education in the 21st Century: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Convention of the International Council of Psychologists. Edmonton: IC Press, 1997.
Hurtes, K.P., & Allen, L.R. (2001). Measuring Resiliency in Youth: The Resiliency Attitudes and Skills Profile. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 35, 333-347.
Lucas, R. E., Diener, E., & Suh, E. (1996). Discriminant validity of well-being measures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 616–628.
Luthar, S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71, 543-562.
Maercker, A., Zhang, X.C., Gao, Z., Kochetkov, Y., Lu, S., Sang, Z., Yang, S., Schneider, S., & Margraf, J. (2015). Personal value orientations as mediated predictors of mental health: A three-culture study of Chinese, Russian, and German university students. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 15, 8-17.
Masten, A. (1994). Resilience in individual development: Successful adaptation despite risk and adversity. In M.C. Wang & E.W. Gordon (Eds.), Educational resilience in inner-city America: Challenges and prospects (pp. 3-25). Hillsdale, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Masten, A.S., Hubbard, J.J., Gest, S.D., Tellegen, A., Garmezy, N., & Ramirez, M. (1999). Competence in the context of adversity: pathways to resilience and maladaptation from childhood to late adolescence, Development and Psychopathology, 11, 143-169.
Masten, A.S., Best, K.M., & Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Development and Psychopathology, 2, 425-444.
Masten, A. S., Best, K. M., & Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Development and Psychopathology, 2, 425–444.
Monzani, D., Steca, P., & Greco, A. (2014). Brief report: Assessing dispositional optimism in adolescence. Factor structure and concurrent validity of the Life Orientation Test-Revised. Journal of Adolescence, 37, 97-101.
Norlander, T., Bood, S., & Archer, T. (2002). Performance during stress: affective personality, age, and regularity of physical exercise. Social Behavior and Personality: An international journal, 30, 495-508.
Nurttila, S., Ketonen, E., & Lonka, K. (2015). Sense of competence and optimism as resources to promote academic engagement. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 171, 1017-1026.
Ryff, C.D., & Singer, B. (2003), Flourishing under fire: Resilience as a prototype of challenged thriving. In C.L.M. Keyes & Haidt J. (Eds.), Flourishing: Positive psychology and the life well-lived (pp.15-36). Washington, DC: APA.
Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). Optimism, coping and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology, 4, 219-247.
Scheier, M.F., & Carver, C.S. (1987). Dispositional optimism and physical well-being: the influence of generalized expectancies on health. Journal of Personality, 55, 169-210.
Scheier, M.F., & Carver, C.S. (1992). Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, 201-228.
Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1063-1078.
Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston (Eds.). Measures in health psychology: A user’s portfolio. Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35-37). Windsor, UK: NFER-NELSON.
Sagone, E., & De Caroli, M.E. (2012). Portrait values, similarity in aspects of every day, self and group representations in refugees asylum seekers. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 5463-5469.
Sagone, E., & De Caroli, M.E. (2014). The “portrait†of values in family: A cross-age study in Sicilian context. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 127, 194-198.
Sagone, E., & De Caroli, M.E. (in press). Positive personality as a predictor of high resilience in adolescence.
Schwartz, S.H. (1992). Universal in the content and structure of values: Theory and empirical tests in 20 countries. In Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (vol. 25, pp. 1-65). New York, NY: Academic Press.
Schwartz, S. H., Melech, G., Lehmann, A., Burgess, S., & Harris, M. (2001). Extending the cross-cultural validity of the theory of basic human values with a different method of measurement. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32, 519-542.
Schwartz, S. H. (2003). Value and behavior: Strength and structure of relations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 1207-1220.
Schwartz, S.H., Cieciuch, J., Vecchione, M., Davidov, E., Fischer, R., Beierlein, C., Ramos, A., Verkasalo, M., LÓ§nnqvist, J.E., Demirutku K., Dirilen-Gumus, O., & Konty, M. (2012). Refining the Theory of Basic Individual Values. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103, 663-688.
Segerstrom, S.C., Evans, D.R., & Eisenlohr-Moul, T.A. (2011), Optimism and pessimism dimensions in the Life Orientation Test-Revised: Method and meaning. Journal of Research in Personality, 45, 126-129.
Seligman, M.E.P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5-14.
Sharpe, P.J., Martin, N.R., & Roth, K.A. (2011). Optimism and the Big Five factors of personality: Beyond neuroticism and extraversion. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 946-951.
Smith, C., & Carlson, B.E. (1997). Stress, coping, and resilience in children and youth, Social Service Review, 71, 231-256.
Snyder, C. (2002). Hope Theory: Rainbows in the Mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13, 249-275.
Stanley, N., Nguyen, K., Wilson, H., Stanley, L., Rank, A., & Wang, Y. (2015). Storytelling, values and perceived resilience among Chinese, Vietnamese, American and German prospective teachers. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 3, 520-529.
Wagnild, G.M., & Young, H.M. (1993). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Resilience Scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 1, 165-178.
Zolkoski, S.M., & Bullock, L.M. (2012). Resilience in children and youth: A review. Children and Youth Services Review, 34, 2295-2303.