Poetic oppositions in Fatimid Arabic literature: Ibn Hani’s Pastiche of Al-Mutanabbi as a model

Abstract

This study examines the nature and effectiveness of poetic oppositions in Fatimid literature through an analytical comparison of Ibn Hani’ Al-Andalusi's praise of the Fatimid caliph Al-Muizz li Din Allah and Al-Mutanabbi's praise of Saif al-Dawla Al-Hamdani. This comparative analysis highlights the distinctive ways Ibn Hani' adapted Al-Mutanabbi's poetic style to suit his ideological and political context, revealing several critical insights into the interplay of influence and innovation. While the Fatimid rulers valued poetry as a political and ideological tool, Ibn Hani’s poetry diverges from Al-Mutanabbi’s in its structure and thematic emphasis. Rather than following Al-Mutanabbi’s journey-focused, introspective approach, Ibn Hani’ emphasizes Fatimid accomplishments and authority over Egypt, reflecting ideological convictions rather than personal ambition. Both poets employ artistic exaggeration, elevating their patrons to near-mythical status; however, Ibn Hani's praise resonates with a deeper commitment to affirming the Fatimids’ legitimacy. Ultimately, this study underscores how opposition poetry served as a medium of ideological expression in Fatimid literature, positioning Ibn Hani’ not only as a poet but as an advocate for the Fatimid state’s political and religious narrative.Keywords: Ideological Poetry; Poetic Influence; Literary Comparison; literature