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The Case of Being A Cyber Bully and Victim as Secondary School Students Living in Anamur Region
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Abstract
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The present study is conducted to determine the state of being cyber bullies and victims as secondary school students living in Anamur region and to create awareness related to the issue. Being a cyber-bully and victim are tested whether they differ or not in terms of the following variables; gender, grade level, frequency of internet use, having a personal computer, having a personal mobile phone, parent’s education level. The study consists of 349 students studying in two different secondary schools in Anamur region. In order to collect data "cyber bullying and victimization scale" developed by Ayas and Horzum (2010) is used. Depending on the results obtained via normality test, the data were analyzed using nonparametric tests. According to the results the state of being a cyber-bully and victim are both more in male students. Students who have personal computers and mobile phones are more cyber bullies and victims. The state of being a cyber-victim is found more in 8th grade students. There was no significant relationship between status and grade level regarding cyber bullies.   Â
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Keywords: cyber bully; cyber victim; secondary school students;Â the internet
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Tuna, S. N., Saban, A., & Coklar, A. N. (2017). The Case of Being A Cyber Bully and Victim as Secondary School Students Living in Anamur Region. New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(4). Retrieved from https://un-pub.eu/ojs/index.php/pntsbs/article/view/1142
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References
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Arıcak O. T, Tanrıkulu T. & Kınay H. (2012). First Psychometric Findings of Cyber Victimization Questionnaire, Mediterranean Journal of Educational Researches, Vol. 2, No. 11, Aug. 2012, pp. 1-6.
Ayas, T. and Horzum, B. (2010). Cyber bullying/ victimization scale development study, Journal of Academic Perspective, Vol. 19, pp. 1-17.
Aydogan, I. & Kaskaya, A. (2010). The Evaluation of Elementary School Administrators’ Communication Skills According to Perceptions of Managers and Teachers. Gazi Faculty of Education Journal, Volume 30, Issue, 1-16.
Baker, O. & Kavsut F. (2007). The New Face of Peer Bullying: Cyber Bullying. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 27, pp, 31-42.
Baran, B., Keskin, E. & Genc, S. (2014). The Study of Teachers’ State Of Bullying And Their Exposure To Bullying On Facebook According To Some Variables. Journal of Educational Technology and Teacher Education/ Karadeniz Technical University, Vol. 3, Nr.1, pp. 34-43.
Barkoukis, V. & Lazuras, L. (2013) A process model of cyberbullying in adolescence. Journal Computers in Human Behavior archive Volume 29 Issue 3, May, 2013 pp. 881-887. South-East European Research Centre (SEERC), Thessaloniki, Greece.
Batmaz, M. & Ayas, T. (2013) Inc.. Predicting secondary school students’ cyber bullying levels according to psychological symptoms. Sakarya University Journal of Education (1), 43-53.
Bayar, Y. & Ucanok, Z. (2012). Social climate of school and generalized peer perception according to bullying status that adolescents are involved. Theory and Practice of Educational Sciences, 12(4), 2337-2358.
Calik, D. & Cinar, O.P. (2009) inet-tr’09- XIV. Bilgi University, İstanbul. Internet Conference Proceedings in Turkey, pp.77-88.
Calisgan, H. (2013). Internet Addiction and Cyberbullying in elementary students. Yeditepe University/ Institute of Social Sciences, Istanbul.
Cetinkaya, B. (2010). Cyber Bullying Prevalence of Secondary School Students. Selçuk University/ Institute of Education Sciences, Konya.
Civilidag, A. & Cooper H.T. (2013). Ergenlerde Siber Zorba Ve Ofkenin Incelenmesi Uzerine Bir Araştırma: Nigde İli Ornegi / An Investigation On Adolescents’ Cyber Bullying And Anger: A Case Study In Nigde Province In Turkey, The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies International Journal of Social Sciences, vol.6, pp.497-511, 2013.
Cyberpsychology: Journal of Cyber Psychosocial Researches, 4 (2), madde 1.
http://cyberpsychology.eu/view.php?cisloclanku=2010112901&article=1.
Dianne L. Hoff, Sidney N. Mitchell, (2009). Cyber Bullying: reasons, effects and solutions, Journal of Educational Administration Vol. 47 Iss: 5, pp.652 – 665.
Er, S.H., Ozer, O., Sarı, S.V. & Sahin, M. (2010). High School Students' Views of Showing Cyber Bullying Behaviors and Being Exposed To These Kind of Behaviors. SDU Faculty of Science and Letters/ Journal Social Sciences/ May 2010, Issue: 21, pp.257-270.
Gezgin, D. M. & Cuhadar, C. (2012). The study of computer and education technologies department students’ awareness level of cyber-bullying. Journal of Educational Sciences Research, 2 (2), 93–104.
Horzum, M. B. & Ayas, T. (2013). The Study of Guidance Counselors’ Awareness Levels of Cyber Bullying According to Several Variables. Hacettepe University Faculty of Education Journal, 28(3), 195-205.
Inan, H. Z. (2005). Bullying Among Children At Schools. M. U. Atatürk Education Faculty Journal of Educational Sciences Faculty, Issue 22, pp. 161-170.
Inseloz, N.T. & Ucanok, Z. (2013). Cyber Bullying in Adolescents : Causes, Emotions and Quantitative Analysis of Their Coping Ways. Turkish Psychology Articles, 16(32): 20-49.
Kavuk, M., Keser, M. & Teker, N. (2011). Reviewing unethical behaviors of primary education students’ internet usage. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences Volume 28, 2011, Pages 1043–1052.World Conference on Educational Technology Researches.
Kocaturk, M. (2014). Analysis of the Relationship Between Peer Bullying and Cyber Bullying in Secondary School Students. Ä°stanbul University/ Institute of Education Sciences, Ä°stanbul. Kowalski, R.M., Limber, S.P. (2007). Electronic Bullying in Secondary School Students. (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.08.017 ).
Koycu, N. (2004). Preparing and Training Guide of Management Training in Public Administration Field, Ankara: Pegem A Publications, XIV. Internet Conference Proceedings in Turkey, Bilgi University, Ä°stanbul.
Ozel, S. (2013). Cyberbullying Among High School Students, Cyber Victimization, Depression and Self-esteem Relationship. Fatih University/ Institute of Social Sciences.
Peker, A., Eroglu, Y. & Ada, S. (2012). Investigation Of Cyber Bullying And Victimization Predictors Ä°n Adolescents. Journal of Abant Izzet Baysal University Faculty of Education, 12(2), pp. 185-206.
Piskin, T. & Ayas, T. (2011). Study of High School Students’ Bullying Cases In Terms Of Their Gender, Grade Level and School Type. Elementary Education Online, 10 (2), pp. 550-568, 2011. [Online]: http://ilkogretim-online.org.tr.
Raskauskas, J. (2010). Bullying among primary school children in New Zealand: relationships with prosocial behaviour and classroom climate .DOI:10,1080 / 00131881003588097.
Raskauskas, J. and Stoltz, A. D. (2007). Involvement in traditional and electronic bullying among adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 43, pp. 564-575.
Seferoglu, S. S. and Yildiz, H. (2013). Children of the digital age: A study on students’ usage of Facebook and Internet addiction. Communication and Diplomacy, 2, 31-48.
Slonje, R. and Smith, P. K. (2008). Cyber-bullying: Another main type of bullying? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology,49, pp. 147-154.
Smith, P.K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S. & Tippett, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008 Apr;49(4):376-85. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x.
Tanrıkulu, T., Kınay, H. & Aricak, O.T. (2013). Cyberbullying Awareness Development Program, New Media Society. DOI:10.1177/146144481.
Tanrikulu, T., Kinay, H. & Aricak, O.T. (2013). Cyberbullying Related Susceptibility Scale: Validity and Reliability Study, Trakya University Faculty of Education Journal, Vol. 3, No. 1, Apr. pp. 38-47 3511923.
Tynes, B., Gul, A. & Williams, D. (2010). Development and Validity Studies of The Online Victimization Scale For Adolescents.
Arıcak O. T, Tanrıkulu T. & Kınay H. (2012). First Psychometric Findings of Cyber Victimization Questionnaire, Mediterranean Journal of Educational Researches, Vol. 2, No. 11, Aug. 2012, pp. 1-6.
Ayas, T. and Horzum, B. (2010). Cyber bullying/ victimization scale development study, Journal of Academic Perspective, Vol. 19, pp. 1-17.
Aydogan, I. & Kaskaya, A. (2010). The Evaluation of Elementary School Administrators’ Communication Skills According to Perceptions of Managers and Teachers. Gazi Faculty of Education Journal, Volume 30, Issue, 1-16.
Baker, O. & Kavsut F. (2007). The New Face of Peer Bullying: Cyber Bullying. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 27, pp, 31-42.
Baran, B., Keskin, E. & Genc, S. (2014). The Study of Teachers’ State Of Bullying And Their Exposure To Bullying On Facebook According To Some Variables. Journal of Educational Technology and Teacher Education/ Karadeniz Technical University, Vol. 3, Nr.1, pp. 34-43.
Barkoukis, V. & Lazuras, L. (2013) A process model of cyberbullying in adolescence. Journal Computers in Human Behavior archive Volume 29 Issue 3, May, 2013 pp. 881-887. South-East European Research Centre (SEERC), Thessaloniki, Greece.
Batmaz, M. & Ayas, T. (2013) Inc.. Predicting secondary school students’ cyber bullying levels according to psychological symptoms. Sakarya University Journal of Education (1), 43-53.
Bayar, Y. & Ucanok, Z. (2012). Social climate of school and generalized peer perception according to bullying status that adolescents are involved. Theory and Practice of Educational Sciences, 12(4), 2337-2358.
Calik, D. & Cinar, O.P. (2009) inet-tr’09- XIV. Bilgi University, İstanbul. Internet Conference Proceedings in Turkey, pp.77-88.
Calisgan, H. (2013). Internet Addiction and Cyberbullying in elementary students. Yeditepe University/ Institute of Social Sciences, Istanbul.
Cetinkaya, B. (2010). Cyber Bullying Prevalence of Secondary School Students. Selçuk University/ Institute of Education Sciences, Konya.
Civilidag, A. & Cooper H.T. (2013). Ergenlerde Siber Zorba Ve Ofkenin Incelenmesi Uzerine Bir Araştırma: Nigde İli Ornegi / An Investigation On Adolescents’ Cyber Bullying And Anger: A Case Study In Nigde Province In Turkey, The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies International Journal of Social Sciences, vol.6, pp.497-511, 2013.
Cyberpsychology: Journal of Cyber Psychosocial Researches, 4 (2), madde 1.
http://cyberpsychology.eu/view.php?cisloclanku=2010112901&article=1.
Dianne L. Hoff, Sidney N. Mitchell, (2009). Cyber Bullying: reasons, effects and solutions, Journal of Educational Administration Vol. 47 Iss: 5, pp.652 – 665.
Er, S.H., Ozer, O., Sarı, S.V. & Sahin, M. (2010). High School Students' Views of Showing Cyber Bullying Behaviors and Being Exposed To These Kind of Behaviors. SDU Faculty of Science and Letters/ Journal Social Sciences/ May 2010, Issue: 21, pp.257-270.
Gezgin, D. M. & Cuhadar, C. (2012). The study of computer and education technologies department students’ awareness level of cyber-bullying. Journal of Educational Sciences Research, 2 (2), 93–104.
Horzum, M. B. & Ayas, T. (2013). The Study of Guidance Counselors’ Awareness Levels of Cyber Bullying According to Several Variables. Hacettepe University Faculty of Education Journal, 28(3), 195-205.
Inan, H. Z. (2005). Bullying Among Children At Schools. M. U. Atatürk Education Faculty Journal of Educational Sciences Faculty, Issue 22, pp. 161-170.
Inseloz, N.T. & Ucanok, Z. (2013). Cyber Bullying in Adolescents : Causes, Emotions and Quantitative Analysis of Their Coping Ways. Turkish Psychology Articles, 16(32): 20-49.
Kavuk, M., Keser, M. & Teker, N. (2011). Reviewing unethical behaviors of primary education students’ internet usage. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences Volume 28, 2011, Pages 1043–1052.World Conference on Educational Technology Researches.
Kocaturk, M. (2014). Analysis of the Relationship Between Peer Bullying and Cyber Bullying in Secondary School Students. Ä°stanbul University/ Institute of Education Sciences, Ä°stanbul. Kowalski, R.M., Limber, S.P. (2007). Electronic Bullying in Secondary School Students. (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.08.017 ).
Koycu, N. (2004). Preparing and Training Guide of Management Training in Public Administration Field, Ankara: Pegem A Publications, XIV. Internet Conference Proceedings in Turkey, Bilgi University, Ä°stanbul.
Ozel, S. (2013). Cyberbullying Among High School Students, Cyber Victimization, Depression and Self-esteem Relationship. Fatih University/ Institute of Social Sciences.
Peker, A., Eroglu, Y. & Ada, S. (2012). Investigation Of Cyber Bullying And Victimization Predictors Ä°n Adolescents. Journal of Abant Izzet Baysal University Faculty of Education, 12(2), pp. 185-206.
Piskin, T. & Ayas, T. (2011). Study of High School Students’ Bullying Cases In Terms Of Their Gender, Grade Level and School Type. Elementary Education Online, 10 (2), pp. 550-568, 2011. [Online]: http://ilkogretim-online.org.tr.
Raskauskas, J. (2010). Bullying among primary school children in New Zealand: relationships with prosocial behaviour and classroom climate .DOI:10,1080 / 00131881003588097.
Raskauskas, J. and Stoltz, A. D. (2007). Involvement in traditional and electronic bullying among adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 43, pp. 564-575.
Seferoglu, S. S. and Yildiz, H. (2013). Children of the digital age: A study on students’ usage of Facebook and Internet addiction. Communication and Diplomacy, 2, 31-48.
Slonje, R. and Smith, P. K. (2008). Cyber-bullying: Another main type of bullying? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology,49, pp. 147-154.
Smith, P.K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S. & Tippett, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008 Apr;49(4):376-85. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x.
Tanrıkulu, T., Kınay, H. & Aricak, O.T. (2013). Cyberbullying Awareness Development Program, New Media Society. DOI:10.1177/146144481.
Tanrikulu, T., Kinay, H. & Aricak, O.T. (2013). Cyberbullying Related Susceptibility Scale: Validity and Reliability Study, Trakya University Faculty of Education Journal, Vol. 3, No. 1, Apr. pp. 38-47 3511923.
Tynes, B., Gul, A. & Williams, D. (2010). Development and Validity Studies of The Online Victimization Scale For Adolescents.