Phytoremediation Potential of Helianthus annuus L (Sunflower) for the Reclamation of Lead (Pb) Spiked Soil
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Abstract
Soil contamination from industrial processes, waste disposal, and natural disasters is a serious issue, endangering human health and ecosystems. Phytoremediation, a low-cost, eco-friendly soil remediation technique, has gained attention. This study evaluated Helianthus annuus L., a local plant, for its potential to remediate lead-contaminated soil under laboratory conditions. Plant phytotolerance was assessed in soil spiked with various lead (Pb) levels. Growth was monitored for lead tolerance, and Pb uptake was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Results showed H. annuus exhibited substantial growth at low Pb concentrations compared to controls, with growth declining at higher Pb levels. Biomass analysis over 15 days indicated Pb exposure impacted biomass formation. Pb measurements showed significant root accumulation and translocation within the plant. Findings suggest H. annuus can accumulate lead without compromising biomass, making it a promising candidate for remediating Pb-polluted soils.
Keywords: Heavy metal; lead (Pb); phytoremediation; soil; sunflower.
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