The second level of environment protection systems organization: state regulation : A Russian experience

Abstract

This study presents a historical analysis of the evolution of state policy in the conservation of biological resources, with a focus on regulatory approaches and institutional development. Early forms of environmental regulation were closely tied to traditional religious practices and the emergence of organized state structures, reflecting the initial stages of ecological consciousness. However, the rapid advancement of technology and the intensification of globalization have significantly accelerated the exploitation of natural resources, revealing limitations in traditional regulatory frameworks. This gap underscores the need for adaptive governance mechanisms capable of addressing complex environmental challenges. The objective of the study is to examine the transformation of environmental policy in relation to broader socio-political and scientific developments. The analysis draws on historical sources and policy documents to trace the shifts in state priorities and strategies. Findings indicate that future effectiveness in conservation efforts depends on the integration of scientific research, public engagement, and international cooperation. The study concludes that environmental governance should be approached through a multi-level framework encompassing religion, science, civil society, the state, and international legal norms. This perspective provides a comprehensive foundation for enhancing policy coherence and sustainability in biodiversity conservation.           

Keywords: Biodiversity conservation; environmental governance; historical analysis; policy development; state regulation.