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Acute Effects of Maximal Strength, Power Endurance and Interval Run Training on Na, K and Cl Levels in Elite (Professional) Basketball Players
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Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the acute effects in sodium, potassium and chlorine levels in the plasma concentration of sportsmen in training types of maximal strength (MS), power endurance (PE) and interval run (IR), to find out the mineral requirements of professional sportsmen. The study included 24 male professional basketball players with the average of 22 years. In order to examine the effects of different training models, participants were divided into three groups (n=8 in each group); maximal strength (MS), power endurance (PE) and interval run (IR). In blood samples collected after different types of training, in IR and MS while Na and Cl levels were increasing, K levels decreased, only the increase at NA level in IR found out significant. While in PE, all of parameters (Na, K and Cl levels) were increasing, only the increase at C1 level observed significant. Besides, Na and C1 levels increased after each of the three training type (IR, MS and PE), while the K level (PE) was increasing in the training group, decreased in (MS) and (IR) group.
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Keywords: Endurance; Running; Some elements; Strength
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Pulur, A., Uzun, A., Erol, A. E., Yuksel, M. F., & Esen, H. T. (2017). Acute Effects of Maximal Strength, Power Endurance and Interval Run Training on Na, K and Cl Levels in Elite (Professional) Basketball Players. New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(5). Retrieved from https://un-pub.eu/ojs/index.php/pntsbs/article/view/1126
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Pakdil, A. (2013). Futbolcularda 8 haftalık hazırlık donemi antrenmanlarının fiziksel, fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal parametreler uzerine etkisi. (Yuksek Lisans), Gaziantep Unv, Gaziantep.
Palmer, M. S. & Spriet, L. L. (2008). Sweat rate, salt loss, and fluid intake during an intense on-ice practice in elite Canadian male junior hockey players. Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism, 33(2), 263-271.
Perveen, K., Bokhari, N. A., Siddique, I., Siddiqui, I. & Soliman, D. A. (2012). Mineral analysis of Phoenix dactylifera L. leaves by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 6(39), 2782-2786.
Rodriguez, N. R., DiMarco, N. M. & Langley, S. (2009). Position of the American dietetic association, dietitians of Canada, and the American college of sports medicine: nutrition and athletic performance. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 109(3), 509-527.
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Sharp, R. L. (2006). Role of sodium in fluid homeostasis with exercise. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 25(3), 231-239.
Soetan, K., Olaiya, C. & Oyewole, O. (2010). The importance of mineral elements for humans, domestic animals and plants: A review. African Journal of Food Science, 4(5), 200-222.
Speich, M., Pineau, A. & Ballereau, F. (2001). Minerals, trace elements and related biological variables in athletes and during physical activity. Clinica chimica acta, 312(1), 1-11.
Twerenbold, R., Knechtle, B., Kakebeeke, T., Eser, P., Muller, G., Von Arx, P. & Knecht, H. (2003). Effects of different sodium concentrations in replacement fluids during prolonged exercise in women. British journal of sports medicine, 37(4), 300-303.
Uzun, A. (2013). The acute effect of maximal strength, power endurance and interval run training on levels of some elements in elite basketball players. Life Science Journal-Acta Zhengzhou Unıversıty Overseas Edition, 10(1), 2697-2701.
Weschler, L. B. (2006). What can be concluded regarding water versus sports drinks from the Vrijens-Reher experiments? Journal of Applied Physiology, 100(4), 1433-1434.
Williams, M. (2005). Dietary supplements and sports performance: Minerals. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2, 43-49.
Yılmaz, B. (2000). Fizyoloji (Second Edition ed.). Ankara: Feryal Press.
Bagchi, D., Nair, S. & Sen, C. K. (2013). Nutrition and enhanced sports performance: muscle building, endurance, and strength: Academic Press.
Banaei, P., Ghahramani, M. & Boostani, M. H. (2014). The effects of the two types of continuous and intermittent resistance trainings on urinary excretions of sodium and potassium among active young men. International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), 5(1), 291-297.
Baydil, B. (2013). Serum macro-micro element responses to acute maximal physical exercise. World Applied Sciences Journal, 23(7), 945-949.
De Oliveira, E. & Burini, R. (2011). Food-dependent, exercise-induced gastrointestinal distress. J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 8(12), 6.
Emenike, U. S., Ifeanyi, O. E., Kingsley, O., Chinedum, O. R. O. & Chineneye, A. S. (2014). Effect Of Physical Exercises On Serum Electrolyte. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 13(9), 118-121.
Epstein, Y. & Armstrong, L. E. (1999). Fluid-electrolyte balance during labor and exercise: concepts and misconceptions. International journal of sport nutrition, 9, 1-12.
Eruvbetine, D. (2003). Canine Nutrition and Health. Lagos: A paper presented at the seminar organized by Kensington Pharmaceuticals Nig. Ltd.
Finstad, E. W., Newhouse, I. J., Lukaski, H. C., McAuliffe, J. E. & Stewart, C. R. (2001). The effects of magnesium supplementation on exercise performance. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 33(3), 493-498.
Goksu, O., Harutoglu, H. & Yigit, Z. (2003). The effect of the 10-weeks aerobic exercise programme of the young, working sedantary individuals on the their physical fitness levels and blood parameters. I U Spor Bilim Derg, 11(3), 18-23.
Hazar, M., Sever, O., Gurkan, C., Er, F. N. & Erol, M. (2013). Physiologic responses of macro elements to maximal aerobic exercise in male and female footballers. Life Sci J, 10(6), 734-737.
Ila, P. (2006). 12.091 Medical Geology/Geochemistry Lecture Notes. Cambrice: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Insel, P., RE, T. & Ross, D. (2004). Nutrition (Second edition ed.). Canada: American Dietetic Association, Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
Kan, O. (2009). 12 haftalık anaerobik antrenman programının 14–16 yas erkek taekwondocuların kan laktat ve elektrolit duzeylerine etkileri. (Yuksek Lisans tez), Selcuk Unv, Konya.
Kasap, M. (2014). Direnc calısmalarında sıvı alımının kan parametreleri ve performans uzerine etkisi. (Yuksek Lisans tez), Balıkesir Unv, Balıkesir.
Koc, H. (2011). The effect of acute exercises on blood electrolyte values in handball players. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol, 4(1), 93-97.
Kutlu, A. K., Dıramalı, A., Temiz, C., Onur, E. & Miskioglu, M. (2011). Yataga Bagımlı Hastalarda Egzersizin Kan Degerleri Ve Yasam Bulguları Uzerine Etkisi. Journal Of Ege Unıversıty School Of Nursing, 27(1), 25-36.
Lukaski, H. C. (1995). Micronutrients (magnesium, zinc, and copper): are mineral supplements needed for athletes? International Journal of Sport Nutrition, 5, 74.
Malhotra, V. (2011). Biochemistry for students.
Maughan, R. J. (1999). Role of micronutrients in sport and physical activity. British medical bulletin,55(3),683-690.
McKenna, M. J., Heigenhauser, G. J., McKelvie, R. S., MacDougall, J. D. & Jones, N. L. (1997). Sprint training enhances ionic regulation during intense exercise in men. The Journal of Physiology, 501(3), 687-702.
Mooren, F. C., Turi, S., Gunzel, D., Schlue, W.-r., Domschke, W., Singh, J. & Lerch, M. M. (2001). Calcium–magnesium interactions in pancreatic acinar cells. The FASEB Journal, 15(3), 659-672.
Noakes, T., Sharwood, K., Speedy, D., Hew, T., Reid, S., Dugas, J. & Weschler, L. (2005). Three independent biological mechanisms cause exercise-associated hyponatremia: evidence from 2,135 weighed competitive athletic performances. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(51), 18550-18555.
Ocal, D. (2007). Yuzuculerde antrenman sonucunda olusan dehidrasyonun kan parametreleri uzerine etkisinin arastırılması. (Yuksek Lisans tez), Gazi Unv, Ankara.
Ozdemir, G. (2010). Nutrition according to sports branch. Spormetre Beden Egitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 1-6.
Pakdil, A. (2013). Futbolcularda 8 haftalık hazırlık donemi antrenmanlarının fiziksel, fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal parametreler uzerine etkisi. (Yuksek Lisans), Gaziantep Unv, Gaziantep.
Palmer, M. S. & Spriet, L. L. (2008). Sweat rate, salt loss, and fluid intake during an intense on-ice practice in elite Canadian male junior hockey players. Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism, 33(2), 263-271.
Perveen, K., Bokhari, N. A., Siddique, I., Siddiqui, I. & Soliman, D. A. (2012). Mineral analysis of Phoenix dactylifera L. leaves by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 6(39), 2782-2786.
Rodriguez, N. R., DiMarco, N. M. & Langley, S. (2009). Position of the American dietetic association, dietitians of Canada, and the American college of sports medicine: nutrition and athletic performance. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 109(3), 509-527.
Sawka, M. N., Burke, L. M., Eichner, E. R., Maughan, R. J., Montain, S. J. & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2007). American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and fluid replacement. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 39(2), 377-390.
Selinus, O., Alloway, B. J., Centeno, J. A., Finkelman, R. B., Fuge, R., Lindh, U. & Smedley, P. (2005). Essentials of medical geology. London: Springer.
Sharma DK, Rai S, Arora SS, Gupta PM, Sharma R. & AK, C. (2011). Study of the trace elements in Aloe vera L.(Aloe barbandensis Miller) viz. Liliaceae and its biological and environmental importance. J Chem Pharm Sci, 3, 64-68.
Sharp, R. L. (2006). Role of sodium in fluid homeostasis with exercise. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 25(3), 231-239.
Soetan, K., Olaiya, C. & Oyewole, O. (2010). The importance of mineral elements for humans, domestic animals and plants: A review. African Journal of Food Science, 4(5), 200-222.
Speich, M., Pineau, A. & Ballereau, F. (2001). Minerals, trace elements and related biological variables in athletes and during physical activity. Clinica chimica acta, 312(1), 1-11.
Twerenbold, R., Knechtle, B., Kakebeeke, T., Eser, P., Muller, G., Von Arx, P. & Knecht, H. (2003). Effects of different sodium concentrations in replacement fluids during prolonged exercise in women. British journal of sports medicine, 37(4), 300-303.
Uzun, A. (2013). The acute effect of maximal strength, power endurance and interval run training on levels of some elements in elite basketball players. Life Science Journal-Acta Zhengzhou Unıversıty Overseas Edition, 10(1), 2697-2701.
Weschler, L. B. (2006). What can be concluded regarding water versus sports drinks from the Vrijens-Reher experiments? Journal of Applied Physiology, 100(4), 1433-1434.
Williams, M. (2005). Dietary supplements and sports performance: Minerals. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2, 43-49.
Yılmaz, B. (2000). Fizyoloji (Second Edition ed.). Ankara: Feryal Press.