Introducing the first Law of thermodynamics using states of matter PhET simulation

Abstract

Thermodynamics is a crucial topic in science education, yet it poses significant challenges for students at all educational levels. This study explores an alternative instructional approach for teaching the First Law of Thermodynamics using the PhET gas and properties simulation, guided by the Johnstone triangle framework. In contexts like South Africa, traditional teacher-centered and lecture-focused methodologies often leave students with misconceptions about thermodynamic concepts. The study utilizes the PhET simulation to visually illustrate key principles, such as temperature, heat, and thermal energy, while intentionally minimizing mathematical complexity to enhance understanding. Results indicate that this simulation effectively clarifies thermodynamic dynamics at a sub-microscopic level, fostering a more intuitive grasp of the subject. The implications of this teaching practice suggest that it can significantly improve students' conceptual understanding. Future research should consider employing the simulation to explain P-V diagrams, further enriching students’ comprehension of thermodynamic principles.

Keywords: First law; heat; internal energy; PhET simulation; system; temperature.