Trauma in cultural contexts: Translating impact of event scale-revised

Abstract

Abstract

The present study evaluates the back translation in Urdu and factor structure of Impact of Event Scale-Revised. The scale was administered to 446 adolescents in Pakistan with modifications to the time frame. Indirect traumatic exposure had occurred over six months to 2 years ago. Cronbach alpha coefficients of .78 for Intrusion subscale, .74 for Avoidance subscale and .66 for Hyperarousal subscales; and .88 for total scale scores are reported. Principal component analysis revealed a 3-factor solution explaining 45 % of the variance; factor structure was not similar to the proposed theoretical structure of IES-R. Endemic characteristics and cultural setup of the country highlight need to understand development and expression of trauma in the cultural milieu and direct future research for intervention strategies in schools.

Keywords: Indirect exposure, trauma, adolescents, factor structure.