The effectiveness of the problem based learning (PBL) model on student self-confidence: A meta-analysis study

Abstract

The Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model encourages students to engage with real-world problems, fostering contextual and meaningful learning experiences that reduce the perception of abstract thinking. This approach is considered beneficial for enhancing students' self-confidence. However, previous studies examining the effectiveness of the PBL model on self-confidence have reported inconsistent findings. To address this gap, the present study conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the overall impact of the PBL model on student self-confidence in comparison to conventional learning models. The analysis synthesized 20 effect sizes from 17 primary studies published between 2016 and 2022. Using a random effects estimation model, the findings indicate a statistically significant and moderately positive impact of PBL on students’ self-confidence. These results offer a more objective understanding of the PBL model’s effectiveness and highlight its potential as a pedagogical strategy for fostering confidence in learners. The study provides valuable insights for educators and policymakers in selecting instructional approaches that support student development.

Keywords: Meta-analysis; pedagogical models; problem-based learning; self-confidence; student engagement.