The effect of language proficiency on the negotiation in peer review in EFL context
Main Article Content
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of language proficiency level on using negotiation categories in peer feedback in EFL context. Thirty high and thirty low proficient EFL learners participated in this study and their audiotaped negotiations were transcribed and analyzed based on Mendonça and Johnson's (1994) category. In four categories of restatement, suggestion, grammar correction, and explanation of opinion which were generated by the writers and the reviewers, although reviewers dominated the negotiation in both high and low proficient groups, in low proficient groups, the difference between the writers and the reviewer was more significant. In comprehension check and explanation categories used mainly by the writers, there was a significant difference in explanation between high and low proficient groups, but no such difference was found in comprehension check. In request for explanation category used mainly by the reviewers, no significant difference was found between the reviewers in high and low proficient group. The study has pedagogical implication for writing classes as it suggests audience awareness, critical thinking, and realization of output hypothesis as the pedagogically beneficial result of negotiation. It also suggests peer feedback as an alternative to teacher feedback.
Â
Keywords: high and low proficient EFL learners, negotiation, peer feedback.Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (SeeThe Effect of Open Access).
References
ASEAN (2008). ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint. Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat.
ASEAN (2009a). Roadmap for an ASEAN Community 2009-2015. Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat.
ASEAN (2011). Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity. Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat.
ASEAN (2009b). Annual Report 2008-2009 Implementing the Roadmap for an ASEAN Community 2015. Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat.
Bennett, J. M., & Bennett, M. J. (2004). Developing Intercultural Sensitivity. In: J. M. Bennett, M. J. Bennett & D. Landis (Eds), Handbook of Intercultural Training (3rd ed.) (147-165). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Byram, M. (1997). Teaching and Assessing Intercultural Communicative Competence. Philadelphia, PA: Multilingual Matters.
Canale, M., & Swain, M. (1980). Theoretical Bases of Communicative Approaches to Second Language Teaching and Testing. Applied Linguistics, 1, 1-47
Canale, M. (1984). A Communicative Approach to Language Proficiency Assessment in a Minority Setting. In C. Rivera (Ed.), Communicative competence approaches to language proficiency assessment: Research and application (pp. 107-122). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters
Chen, G.M., & Starosta, W.J. (1999). A Review of the Concept of Intercultural Awareness. Human Communication, 2, 27-54.
English Proficiency Index (EF EPI) (2013). Retrieved from: www.ef.com/epi
Dhanasobhon, S. (2006). English Language Teaching Dilemma in Thailand. Retrieved from: http://www.curriculumandinstruction.org/index.php?lay=show&ac=article&Id=53913
Deardorff, D. K. (2009). The SAGE handbook of intercultural competence. Sage.
Fantini, A. E. (2000). A Central Concern: Developing Intercultural Competence. SIT Occasional Papers (Addressing Intercultural Education, Training & Service), 1, 25-42.
Fantini, A. (2001). Exploring Intercultural Competence: A construct proposal. Paper Presented at the 4th Annual Conference of NCOLCTL, Brattleboro, Vermont.
Goode, T., Sockalingam, S., Brown, M., & Jones, W., (2000). A planner’s Guide . . . Infusing Principles, Content and Themes Related to Cultural and Linguistic Competence into Meetings and Conferences.
Washington, DC: Georgetown University, Center for Child and Human Development, National Center for Cultural Competence. Retrieved from: www.georgetown.edu/research/gucdc/nccc/ncccplannersguide.html
Hymes, D. H. (1972). On Communicative Competence. In J. B. Pride, & J. Holmes (Eds.), Sociolinguistics, (269-293). Baltimore, USA: Penguin Education, Penguin Books Ltd
Liddicoat, A. J. (2000) Everyday speech as culture: Implications for language teaching. In A. J. Liddicoat & C. Crozet (Eds), Teaching Languages, Teaching Cultures (pp. 51– 64), Applied Linguistics Association of Australia, Canberra.
Liddicoat, A. J., Papademetre, L., Scarino, A., & Kohler, M. (2003). Report on Intercultural Language Learning. Australian Government - Department of Education Science and Training. Canberra, Australia.
Lugstig, M. W., & Koester, J. (2000). Intercultural Competence: Interpersonal Communication across Cultures (6th ed). Boston: Person.
Noom-ura, N. (2013). English-teaching Problems in Thailand and Thai Teachers’ Professional Development Needs. English Language Teaching, 6(11), 139-147.
Newton, J., Yates, E., Shearn, S., & Nowitzki, W. (2010). Intercultural Communicative Language Teaching: Implications for Effective Teaching and Learning. In Report to the Ministry of Education Ministry of Education, New Zealand. Retrieved from: http://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/publications/curriculum/76637/introduction
Sinicrope, C., Norris, J., & Watanabe, Y. (2007). Understanding and Assessing Intercultural Competence: A Summary of Theory, Research, and Practice (Technical Report for the Foreign Language Program Evaluation Project). Second Language Studies, 26(1), 1-58.
Van Ek, J. (1986). Objectives for Foreign Language Learning. Council of Europe, Strasbourg.